Dharma & Culture

The Meaning of Medha, Kautuhala, Jigyasa and Herd Mentality

Shri Vinay Jha · English edition 18 October 2026 · Hindi original 1 September 2021 · 8 min read

Medha (intellect) and the Herd

“He who protects dharma (righteousness/cosmic order), dharma protects him.”

Dharma means Vedic yajna (ritual sacrifice), that is, the karma-kanda (ritual section) of Vedic action. Dharma has ten characteristics—dhriti (fortitude), kshama (forgiveness), dama (self-control), asteya (non-stealing), shaucha (purity), indriya-nigraha (sensory control), dhi (intellect), vidya (knowledge), satya (truth), and akrodha (absence of anger). But these are merely characteristics on the basis of which we can identify whether a particular action can be considered in accordance with dharma or not. What is dharma in itself? Yajna. Yajna is also called medh (sacrifice). The intellect of medh is called medha.

One does not acquire medha by reading books. The Veda cannot even be written down. Max Müller also printed the book, but he could not grasp the Veda. To grasp the Veda, one must possess medha. Only a medhavi (wise person) is capable of performing medh.

Only an individual can be a medhavi, not a herd. If the leadership of a herd is in the hands of a medhavi or medhavis, then it no longer remains a herd; then it is called a sangathan (organization). Otherwise, even those who stay together might clash among themselves. They will score a goal against their own team!

A person whose janmakundali (birth chart) possesses the medha to lead can transform a herd into an organization. Otherwise, he will keep ranting on Facebook like Vinay Jha, where people will keep hitting 'like' but no organization will be formed. And even if Vinay Jha knows something, that knowledge will depart with him, just as the wisdom of far greater sages than Vinay Jha departed with them, while the cycle of yugas (cosmic ages) kept rolling from Satya to Kali. The society of Aryas (noble ones) who listened to true Brahmins kept degenerating into grovelling herds under the leadership of scoundrels.

Now, scoundrels have even changed the meaning of medh. They define Ashvamedha as the killing of a horse, so that they can perform cow-slaughter in Gomedha yajna and consume beef by calling it the havi (sacrificial offering) of a Vedic yajna. The cow-worshipping Hindu public does not know that today, these very meanings of Ashvamedha and Gomedha are taught in the Veda departments of all Sanskrit universities; if the cow-worshipping Hindu public finds out that such things are taught in Sanskrit universities, the Vedic acharyas (teachers) will not be spared. It is unfair to blame the British for this sin; ancient Veda-bhashyas (commentaries on the Vedas) are filled with nothing but such nonsense. Even the oldest Veda-bhashyas were written during a period called the Dark Age of Hindu culture, the malpractices of which forced the Hindu race to endure long-term subjugation. It is still an era of subjugation; the only difference is that instead of desert and sea pirates, we are now enduring the subjugation of native pirates who sometimes call themselves sacred-thread wearers, and at other times Ram-devotees or Durga-devotees, but are miles away from Sanatan Dharma.

Even today, people with the medha of Chanakya and Chandragupta are born, but now they do not find companions to walk their path who can guide society on the path of dharma. Therefore, medha is left with no option but to perform tapas (austerities) in solitude and strive for personal moksha (liberation). The herd does not want medha, because the herd's slogan is—

“What should our leader be like? Just like us!”

Brahmin herd, Rajput herd, OBC herd, Dalit herd, Catholic herd, Sunni herd, Taliban herd, Communist herd, Saffron herd! Herds and more herds! Only herds and more herds!

Some people will misinterpret why I have placed the Communist herd and the Saffron herd together. The reason for putting them together is that despite the vast difference between the Communist and the Saffron, both are “herds” led by so-called leaders with a herd mentality, because if the leaders were dharmic, there would be no herd behind them.

Whether the “herd” is Communist or Saffron, it must ultimately fall into a ditch. The Communist herd must fall into the Communist ditch, and the Saffron herd into the Saffron ditch! Even after falling into the ditch, they will chant: “So what if it's a ditch, it is a saffron-colored ditch!”

Is the color of adharma (unrighteousness) saffron? They will not consider that the word “Bhagwa” (saffron) is derived from “Bhagavat” (the Divine) and its color is a symbol of sannyasa (renunciation), that is, the jnana-kanda (knowledge section). Jnana-kanda means atma-jnana (self-knowledge). Wherever there is true Bhagwa, it can never fall into a ditch.

“Arya” and “Samaj” (society) are antonyms of each other. Where there is samaj, there is no Arya-dharma. (“Samaj” is a modern word whose earliest mention also belongs to the Kali Yuga—the inscription of Ashoka Maurya, and in that inscription, it has an inauspicious meaning, which is why Ashoka ordered the prohibition of samaj.)

Society is formed by various organizations. Organizations are run by their respective constitutions. For example, the army is also an organization. The army has its own constitution. Even in the Treta and Dvapara Yugas, the armies of the Aryas had their own constitutions. But there was one difference—not only Shri Ram or Shri Krishna, but individuals like Arjuna also formulated rules themselves according to the situation, which the entire army followed. Now, neither such an army exists, nor such medhavis.

Medha is created from medh. Therefore, perform medh. There are many types of medh. The name of the collective medh for the entire society is “Hindu-Sanskara” (sacrament). The herd that implements this in life no longer remains a herd; it becomes an Arya-samaj.

Vote for whoever you think is best for the country and society. But do not apply their words to your life. Apply the dharma of Maharishi Vedavyas to your life. For the Kali Yuga, Maharishi Vedavyas is the ultimate authority; he is the son of the last Vedic Rishi, Parashar. In this lies your personal well-being as well as that of religious societies. Stay away from any society that does not walk on the path of dharma—maintain a distance of at least two yards!

The Difference Between Kautuhala and Jigyasa

There are two prerequisites for the ability to learn any subject—medha and jigyasa (spiritual inquiry). Kautuhala (idle curiosity) is an obstacle to that ability because kautuhala is a distraction of the mind. The attraction to the spectacles of maya (illusion) is kautuhala. The desire to attain true knowledge by cultivating vairagya (dispassion) towards maya is jigyasa. Medha is attained through the stability of the mind (yoga), and only then does true jigyasa arise. The distraction of the mind is the result of vasanas (latent desires). Endless vasanas generated by past karmas produce kautuhala. The first condition for the stability of the mind is one year of unbroken brahmacharya (celibacy) (in one vatsar , one gains the eligibility to become a vatsa of Brahma). Brahmacharya makes even a fool wise.
But even Ishvara (God) cannot explain the benefits of brahmacharya to a fool, until he stumbles and makes a sincere effort to understand it himself.
Medha is generated from medh; a swift (ash), unobstructed yajna (= medh) which can make the deity consume (ash) the havi is called Ashvamedha.

(According to the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, that horse of the Ashvamedha is the all-pervading Brahman. This meaning of Ashvamedha belongs to Maharishi Yajnavalkya. Sayanacharya took the meaning of Ashvamedha from the illusory and wicked commentary of Ravana, because Sayana did not know how cunningly Ravana had added demonic impurity to the Veda-bhashya. Even today, in our Sanskrit poison-universities, it is Ravana's commentary that is taught under different names, in which our Vedic scholars teach obscene and anti-dharmic nonsense like cow-slaughter, human sacrifice, and sexual relations of the queen with the horse. In the entire Mahayuga, there has never been, nor will there ever be, a sharp-witted scoundrel like Ravana.)

There is no end to knowledge, therefore none is wise except Brahman. In the Rigveda, it is called neti neti (not this, not this). Wherever knowledge comes to a halt, foolishness begins. The beginning of foolishness is kautuhala, which is the gateway to all other sins.

In the classical terminology of Vedic philosophies, especially Yoga-darshana, the state other than samadhi (meditative absorption) is called vyutthana (distraction), which has many divisions. The wandering of the chitta (mind-stuff) in the spectacles of the sensory world is kautuhala, which is one of the many divisions of vyutthana. According to the Upanishads, there are fifty vrittis (mental fluctuations) of the chitta, the names of all of which are not available because many ancient texts are now lost. Among the fifty tendencies, the names of the prominent klishta malas (afflicted impurities) are in the Yogasutra, but kautuhala does not fall under klishta malas. Therefore, keeping the spirit of Yoga-darshana in mind, I have called kautuhala the beginning of distraction, in which, instead of moving towards Brahman, the root of the inverted Ashvattha tree of the world, a reverse ascent—that is, vyutthana towards sensory twigs—begins. The beginning of inclination towards Brahman is jigyasa, and the inclination opposite to it is vyutthana, the beginning of which is kautuhala.

One who remains bound by the noose of prarabdha (destiny) is called a pashu (animal), while one whose mind is awakened (ush) is a manushya (human). The means to break the noose is purushartha (human endeavors), the order of which is dharma, then artha (wealth), then kama (desire), and ultimately moksha. Some fools interpret this to mean that the fulfillment of all four is mandatory. The Brahmasutra commands that one should take sannyasa as soon as vairagya arises. If there is vairagya in the mind, remaining a householder is not just foolishness, but a sin. If there is no vairagya, taking sannyasa is a sin.

The goal of knowledge is moksha. Any action or state whose goal is not moksha is avidya (ignorance). Dharma (yajna) is also avidya. But it is only through dharma in the form of karma-kanda that the gateway to moksha can be opened. Pranayama (breath control) etc. are also parts of karma-kanda. The Shatapatha Brahmana commands that as soon as the yajna begins, the yajaman (patron of the sacrifice) must take a vow that man is asat (unreal) and the devas (deities) are sat (real); therefore, until the yajna is completed, the yajaman shall remain established in divinity.

-- Acharya Vinay Jha 

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Cite this article

Shri Vinay Jha. “The Meaning of Medha, Kautuhala, Jigyasa and Herd Mentality”. YugSamvad, 18 October 2026. https://yugsamvad.com/en/articles/medhaa-kautoohala-jijnaasaa-kaa-artha-aura-jhunda-pravritti

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